French History Advance Access originally published online on November 2, 2009
French History 2009 23(4):517-536; doi:10.1093/fh/crp070
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Three Faces of Richelieu: A Historiographical Essay
* Joseph Bergin is Professor of History at Manchester University. He may be contacted at j.bergin{at}manchester.ac.uk
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This article explores the different views of Richelieu to be found in three different cultures, those of Spain, Germany and England (to which America is added). It begins with the perceptions of Richelieu among his contemporaries and how these evolved in subsequent centuries. The figure of Richelieu has fascinated biographers, novelists and playwrights, whose work influenced wider historical judgements of the Cardinal. In recent times, historians have sought to overcome the different stereotypes that abounded in previous centuries and, in German and Anglo-Saxon scholarship, fresh and as yet unreconciled facets of Richelieu and his historical significance continue to emerge, providing the basis for a rather different portrait of the man.